These are very confusing to me. Do I have them correct? I explained my answers in parentheses. I think "had" is equivalent to "already," no? Thank you. • He had arrived when the meeting started. (Means he was there before the meeting.) • He arrived when the meeting started. (Means he arrived at the precise moment the meeting started.) • He arrived when the meeting had started. (Means he was late for the meeting because it had already started.) • Yesterday he crashed his car into a tree. • Yesterday he had crashed his car into a tree after he had shopped at the supermarket.
